Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (C. esculentus) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf1

Abstract

Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine postemergence control of purple (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) by single and sequential applications of bentazon, halosulfuron, and sulfentrazone; sequential applications of MSMA; and single applications of imazaquin and imazaquin plus MSMA. Sequential applications of halosulfuron at 70 g ai/ha controlled purple nutsedge more effectively at 10 wk after initial application (WAI) than all other herbicides. Single applications of imazaquin (0.56 kg ai/ha) or imazaquin plus monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA, 2.24 kg ai/ha) controlled purple nutsedge adequately 6 WAI (78 and 90%, respectively) but not 18 WAI. Single applications of either halosulfuron (70 g/ha) or imazaquin plus MSMA or sequential applications of either bentazon (1.12 kg ai/ha), MSMA (2.8 kg/ha), or halosulfuron controlled yellow nutsedge greater than 80% by the end of the season in 1996 when nutsedge was in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). However, in absence of bermudagrass in 1997, only sulfentrazone or the halosulfuron sequential treatments controlled yellow nutsedge 13 WAI. In 1996, single and sequential applications of halosulfuron reduced viability of purple nutsedge tubers to 33 and 30%, respectively, compared to 84% in the nontreated control. However, herbicide treatments did not reduce tuber viability in 1997. Sulfentrazone (0.28 kg ai/ha) plus MSMA (2.24 kg/ha) and sequential MSMA applications reduced viability of yellow nutsedge tubers to 6 and 31%, respectively, in 1997.Nomenclature: Bentazon, 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide; halosulfuron, methyl 5-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonylami-nosulfonyl]-3-chloro-1-methyl-1-H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; MSMA, monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid; sulfentrazone, N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl] phenyl] methanesulfonamide; purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. #3 CYPRO; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. #CYNDA.Additional index words: Tuber viability, weed management, CYNDA, CYPES, CYPRO.Abbreviations: fb, followed by; MSMA, monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; WAI, weeks after initial treatment; WP, wettable powder.