Abstract
P2Y receptors belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors and are activated by nucleotides in the extracellular space. We showed that Xenopus P2Y1 and P2Y11 were expressed in the dorsal marginal zone from early gastrula stage and enriched in the central nervous system from neurula stages. They were expressed in the prospective head region during early development. Knockdown of P2Y1 and P2Y11 caused head malformation, such as small eyes, brain atrophy, and defect in cartilage tissues, as well as reduced expression of neural, placode, and neural crest markers. Furthermore, the expression of neural plate and epidermal markers was affected by P2Y1 or P2Y11 depletion at early neurula stage, suggesting that P2Y1 or P2Y11 might be required for the neural induction. Our findings suggested that P2Y receptors might be involved in distinguishing between neural and non-neural fates. The results also suggested that P2Y1 or P2Y11 could play a role in neural induction and/or maintenance of neural tissues in the head formation processes.
Highlights
Purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in the nervous system, and its functions have been physiologically and pathophysiologically investigated [1] [2] [3]
We showed that Xenopus P2Y1 and P2Y11 were expressed in the dorsal marginal zone from early gastrula stage and enriched in the central nervous system from neurula stages
P2Y1 expression was observed in the neural fold (Figure 1(D) & Figure 1(G) arrowheads) and the anterior neural plate (Figure 1(E), Figure 1(F), Figure 1(H)), and P2Y1 transcripts were found in the notochord at mid-neurula stage (Figure 1(I))
Summary
Purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in the nervous system, and its functions have been physiologically and pathophysiologically investigated [1] [2] [3]. The receptors of purine and pyrimidine are divided into adenosine (P1) receptors and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P2) receptors. P2 receptors are composed of ionotropic P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y families.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
