Abstract
Natural products generally contain complex and multiple bioactive compounds that are responsible for the effects on health through complicated synergistic and/or suppressive actions. As an important raw material of local ethnic minority tea, ethnomedicines and food supplements in southwestern areas of China, Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne (DID) mainly consists of phlorizin (PHZ), which is the main active component. In this study, the holistic activities and the interactions of components of PHZ, non-phlorizin (NP) in the DID extract (DIDE) were evaluated. A rapid and effective high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was performed to knock out PHZ from DIDE and the purity of PHZ was 96.01% determined by HPLC, with a recovery rate of 96.76%. After 13 weeks of treatment course in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model, the results revealed that the DIDE and PHZ significantly decreased weight gain, blood lipid levels, hyperplasia of adipocytes and alleviated inflammation (p < 0.05). Both DIDE and PHZ improves insulin resistance (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the intestinal barrier function was improved compared to HFD group, through the determination of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), glucagon-likepeptide-2 (GLP-2) and hematoxylin-eosin staining of jejunum. Interestingly, after NP treatment, the metabolic syndrome of the HFD-induced obesity appeared to have a similar improvement. All the experiments showed that there is a synergistic weakening phenomenon when PHZ and NP interact with each other in the mixed state. In conclusion, for the PHZ and NP showing a good effect on anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and intestinal barrier function, DIDE could be a good source of functional food to prevent obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by the disrupted dynamics of energy homeostasis, which depends on excessive energy intake and reduced physical activity [1]
Molecules 2018, 23, 2701 to metabolic diseases like insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be a global epidemic [2,3,4]
Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne (DID) is an evergreen belonging to the Rosaceae family, which distributes widely in southwest China and southeast Asia [10]
Summary
Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by the disrupted dynamics of energy homeostasis, which depends on excessive energy intake and reduced physical activity [1]. There has not been a very satisfactory and safe weight loss drug, and other weight loss methods have the drawbacks of reducing body immunity, toxic side effects, and easy rebound [6,7]. The DID leaves were widely used as tea or a drug for the healing of fever, cancer, empyrosis, fracture, and rheumatic disease by the local ethnic minorities in southwestern China, with lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects [11,12,13,14]
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