Abstract
We aimed to purify polyphenols from distiller’s grain extract using macroporous resins and to identify its polyphenolic components. The influence of operational parameters on purification efficiency was investigated. The polyphenolic composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and then quantified by UPLC-MS using authenticated standards. The results showed that the optimal purifying conditions were D101 resin with a dosage of 3 g, four hours adsorption, three hours desorption time, and 60% ethanol as the eluent, producing the highest purification rate of 51%. The purified distiller’s grain extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the unpurified extracts, which was assessed using DPPH and ABTS methods (IC50 DPPH = 34.03 and 16.21 μg/mL, respectively; IC50 ABTS = 20.31 and 5.73 μg/mL, respectively). UPLC-MS results indicated that (−)-epicatechin is the major compound found in distiller’s grain extract which was quantified as 562.7 μg/g extract, followed by ferulic acid (518.2 μg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (417.7 μg/g), caffeic acid (217.1 μg/g), syringic acid (158.0 μg/g) and quercetin (147.8 μg/g). Two compounds, vanillic acid (66.5 μg/g) and gallic acid (41.4 μg/g), were found in lower concentrations. The findings of this study suggest that purification of polyphenolic compounds from distiller’s grain by macroporous resins is feasible, providing a new and effective method for the secondary use of distiller’s grain resources.
Highlights
Distiller’s grains are the by-products of fermentation and distillation of cereal crops [1]
The findings of this study suggest that purification of polyphenolic compounds from distiller’s grain by macroporous resins is feasible, providing a new and effective method for the secondary use of distiller’s grain resources
The significant difference in adsorption and desorption efficiency among the tested resins demonstrated that the adsorption and desorption of the polyphenol from distiller’s grain by resin is selective
Summary
Distiller’s grains are the by-products of fermentation and distillation of cereal crops [1]. There are two main sources of these grains: by-product from the liquor manufacturing industry, and by-products from the fuel ethanol industry. Distiller’s grain contains many components including starch, protein, cellulose, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, fats, liquor flavor substances, phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, and heterocyclic compounds [2,3]. Because of the high water content and high acidity, fresh distiller’s grains rot and deteriorate if they are discharged and not treated in time, causing serious environmental damage and wasting a large amount of resources. The fuel-ethanol industry has experienced a phenomenal surge in growth worldwide.
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