Purification of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Chromatin from Infected Cells by an Affinity Method

Abstract

Our goal was to develop a system to study proteins that associate in vivo with the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) enhancer elements by the isolation of intact proviral chromatin. The M-MuLV long terminal repeats (LTRs) contain tandemly repeated transcriptional enhancer sequences consisting of smaller motifs that bind cellular DNA-binding proteins implicated in transcriptional regulation. The M-MuLV enhancers are also important for disease specificity and latency of disease induction. To enrich for proviral chromatin containing M-MuLV LTR sequences, an affinity purification scheme was employed that relies on the affinity of bacterial Lac repressor protein for Lac operator (LacO) DNA sequences. An infectious M-MuLV recombinant was constructed that contains bacterial LacO sequences inserted into a nonessential region downstream from the 5′ LTR of the virus (M-MuLV-LacO). Nuclei from M-MuLV-LacO-infected cells were digested with PvuII (which will liberate an LTR fragment containing LacO sequences), and digested chromatin was leached from the nuclei in hypotonic buffer. M-MuLV-LacO chromatin was then recovered by binding to an affinity matrix consisting of a β-galactosidase-Lac repressor fusion protein anchored to acrylamide beads by an anti-β-galactosidase monoclonal antibody [7]. Specifically bound chromatin was eluted under physiological conditions by incubation with the galactose analog isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Southern blot analysis confirmed the specific enrichment of M-MuLV proviral chromatin by this method.