Abstract
Malic acid is a C4-dicarboxylic acid and an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It has been widely used in the polymer, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Malic acid is produced by a fermentation process with a lot of bacteria in about between (8 and 10) % by weight aqueous solution. In this study, malic acid has been extracted from aqueous solution by reactive batch extraction in solvents with and without trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC or Aliquat 336). Five different constant concentrations of TOMAC have been prepared using five different esters (dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, diethyl carbonate), five different alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol), and two different ketones (diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK)). The results have been reported as distribution coefficients (KD), loading factors (TT), stoichiometric loading factors (TS), separation factors (Sf), and extraction effici...
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