Purification of insoluble GST-fused and GST-cleaved Cav1.2 channel fragment by denaturation and renaturation

Abstract

Both recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-fused and GST-cleaved fragments of an L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) are used frequently in GST pull-down assays to investigate the interactions between regulatory proteins and the Cav1.2 channel. However, GST-fused and GST-cleaved proximal C-terminal fragments of the guinea-pig cardiac Cav1.2 channel (CT1, amino acids 1509–1791) heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) are difficult to be recovered in a bioactive form because they are only poorly soluble. In this study, we developed a new method to solubilize and purify CT1. GST–CT1 expressed in E. coli was extracted and treated with an inclusion body solubilization and renaturation kit. Then, after adsorption to glutathione Sepharose beads, GST–CT1 was treated with protease to release CT1. However, the cleaved CT1 was insoluble and remained attached to the beads. Therefore, CT1 was treated again with the inclusion body solubilization and renaturation kit. Using this method, GST-CT1 and CT1 were purified with a high yield. GST pull-down experiments showed a dose-dependent interaction between GST–CT1 and calmodulin (CaM), and between GST–CaM and CT1, suggesting recovered bioactivity of GST–CT1 and CT1. This protocol may also be applied to purify other insoluble GST-fused proteins.