Abstract
Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit have a diverse flavonoid composition responsible for the various medicinal activities, including anti-diabetes. In the present study, efficient simultaneous purification of four flavonoid glycosides, i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (3), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (4), from Chinese bayberry pulp was established by the combination of solid phase extract (SPE) by C18 Sep-Pak® cartridge column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC (Prep-HPLC), which was followed by HPLC and LC-MS identification. The purified flavonoid glycosides, as well as different fractions of fruit extracts of six bayberry cultivars, were investigated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The flavonol extracts (50% methanol elution fraction) of six cultivars showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 = 15.4–69.5 μg/mL), which were higher than that of positive control acarbose (IC50 = 383.2 μg/mL). Four purified compounds 1–4 exerted α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 1444.3 μg/mL, 418.8 μg/mL, 556.4 μg/mL, and 491.8 μg/mL, respectively. Such results may provide important evidence for the potential anti-diabetic activity of different cultivars of Chinese bayberry fruit and the possible bioactive compounds involved.
Highlights
Diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from the defects in insulin-secretory response or resistance to insulin action [1]
Bayberry fruit extracts from nine cultivars were evaluated for the glucose consumption activities showed that bayberry cultivars contained higher contents of C3G and three quercetin glycosides in HepG2 cells
Few efficient separation methods have been established for simultaneous purification of these compounds with separation methods have been established for simultaneous purification of these compounds with high high recoveries andyields
Summary
Diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from the defects in insulin-secretory response or resistance to insulin action [1]. One of the therapeutic methods for reducing postprandial hyperglycemia is to delay the absorption of carbohydrates by inhibiting the α-glucosidase activity [2,3]. Acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol are frequently used drugs to control hyperglycemia after meals. Side effects of these compounds, such as flatulence, stomach ache, and diarrhea, are apparent [4,5,6]. Natural plant products may provide good alternatives for new anti-diabetic compounds with high safety. Et Zucc.) is an important subtropical fruit tree in the Myricaceae family and the fruit contains high nutritional and medicinal value [7,8,9] Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) is an important subtropical fruit tree in the Myricaceae family and the fruit contains high nutritional and medicinal value [7,8,9]
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