Abstract
The beneficial health effects of a diet rich in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) have been extensively researched in recent years. Marine oils are an important dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA, being especially rich in two of the most important fatty acids of this class, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5n-3) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6n-3). Oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA are prone to oxidation that leads to loss of product quality. Alaskan pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814) and New Zealand’s hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae Hector, 1871) are the highest volume fisheries of their respective countries. Both produce large quantities of fishery byproducts, in particular crude or unrefined n-3 LC-PUFA containing oils. Presently these oils are used as ingredients for animal feed, and only limited quantities are used as human nutritional products. The aim of this research was to investigate the applicability of short path distillation for the purification of pollock and hoki oil to produce purified human-grade fish oil to meet quality specifications. Pollock and hoki oils were subjected to short path distillation and a significant decrease in free fatty acids and lipid oxidation (peroxide and para-anisidine values) products was observed. Purified oils met the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3 (GOED) standard for edible fish oils.
Highlights
The beneficial health effects of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are well established
The short-path distillation (SPD) system effectively removed the markers for lipid oxidation in both pollock and hoki oils
Previous work on better quality commercial oils showed Peroxide Value (PV) values reduced from 1.8 mEq/kg to 0.7 mEq/kg [26] and all distilled oils studied had values in this range, pollock and hoki oils had much lower PV than the maximum recommended in the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3 (GOED) voluntary monograph (
Summary
The beneficial health effects of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are well established. Marine oils are an important dietary source of n-3 LC PUFA, being especially rich in two of the most important fatty acids of this class, namely EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5n-3). Refined edible fish oil can be consumed in the form of a pharmaceutical (e.g., OmacorTM, LovazaTM), or nutraceutical (e.g., fish oil capsules), or it can be added as an ingredient to boost levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in various food items such as baked goods, orange juice and yogurt [5]. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries are in competition with aquaculture industries for access to n-3 LC-PUFA, and the increased demand for this marine oil has lead to an increase in the value of this commodity [6]
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