Abstract
The objectives of this study were to isolate, purify, identify and characterize the predominant growth inhibiting factor in faba beans (Vicia faba). A water extract from faba bean hulls was shown to contain a potent factor which, when incorporated into a chick diet, depressed the rate of growth, efficiency of feed utilization and liver size, but did not affect pancreas size. Autoclaving at 121° for 30 minutes and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) additions to the diet overcame the negative effects on growth rate and feed:gain ratios. Sephadex LH-20 chromatography of the water-acetone soluble growth inhibiting substances yielded two fractions, A and B. Fraction A contained low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds, while fraction B contained only condensed tannins. The major portion of the growth inhibiting substance in faba bean hulls was associated with this latter fraction. Chicks fed a diet containing 3.9% of the purified condensed tannin (fraction B) as compared to those fed a control diet had markedly reduced feed intake (69%), negative weight gains and feed:gain ratios, and reduced dry matter (22%), amino acid (25%) and crude fiber (175%) retentions (P < 0.01). Fat retention, in contrast, was increased 27% (P < 0.01). The purified condensed tannins were shown to be a polymeric complex having chemical characteristics similar to tannins present in sorghum grains.
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