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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the purification effect of a new adsorption material containing bioreactor and the critical role of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in a eutrophication ecosystem. Major water quality parameters of the prepared eutrophic water were determined, and the microbial community was analyzed during 2 years. The results showed that removal rates of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 90.7-95.9%, 84.5-92.4%, 87.9-95.8%, and 68.3-82.7%, respectively, indicating the high efficiency of the bioreactor in the eutrophic water treatment. Although the bioreactor had been operated for 2 years, water from the treatment group was much clearer and odorless than from the control group, exhibiting the long service life of the bioreactor. Stopping operation in August caused significant decrease of the removal rates of major water quality parameters (p < 0.05). This operational stop event and high temperature in summer exerted a dual effect on the bioreactor, whereas the impact could be minimized when the bioreactor was running. Moreover, the total bacteria under +Rpf (active resuscitation-promoting factor) treatment were higher than under -Rpf (inactive resuscitation-promoting factor) treatment, implying that Rpf could resuscitate VBNC bacteria in the eutrophication ecosystem. Nine strains of VBNC bacteria were isolated based on the BLAST results of the 16S rRNA gene. Also, these bacteria might contribute to the eutrophic water treatment based on their functions of phosphorus collecting and denitrification. These results provided new insights for engineering technology innovations, and consequently these findings had benefits in eutrophic water treatment.
Highlights
Evaluating the trophic state of eutrophic water have become a research hotspot in the water ecology community based on several water quality parameters, including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Chao Rodriguez et al 2014; Smith and Schindler 2009; Carlson 1977)
TP removal rates of the bioreactor ranged from 90.7% to 95.9%, indicating the bioreactor could efficiently reduce the TP concentration of eutrophic water
The purification effect of the designed bioreactor was investigated by detection the major water quality parameters for 2 years
Summary
Aquatic ecosystem has suffered much more serious problems of water eutrophication due to anthropogenic pollution and climate change (Le et al 2010; Smith 2003; Kosten et al 2012; Andersen et al 2020a; Freeman et al 2020). Eutrophication is often accompanied with rapid occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs), especially of chlorella, cyanobacteria (Wang et al 2019a), and diatoms (Paerl et al 2016, 2019; Huisman et al 2018; Woolway et al 2019; Kim et al 2020), which threaten other aquatic life and change the color and/or odor of the water body (Vollenweider and Kerekes 1982). Evaluating the trophic state of eutrophic water have become a research hotspot in the water ecology community based on several water quality parameters, including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Chao Rodriguez et al 2014; Smith and Schindler 2009; Carlson 1977)
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