Abstract
Purpose: To extract, purify black ginseng polysaccharides, and study their compositional analysis and antioxidant properties.Methods: Crude polysaccharides from black ginseng were prepared by hot water extraction and subjected to chromatographic purification on Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 columns to yield 4 polysaccharide components: BGP-60, BGP-65, BGP-70 and BGP-80. The BGPs were characterized by chemical analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activities of the BGPs were determined through their capacities to scavenge superoxide anion, as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals.Results: The four fractions designated BGP-60, BGP-65, BGP-70 and BGP-80 were polysaccharides with glucose as the main component. They were acidic in nature, with estimated molecular weights (MWs) of 28.6, 26.7, 11.4 and 3.05 kDa, respectively. Fractions BGP-60, BGP-65 and BGP-80 had α- type glycosidic linkage, whereas BGP-70 had β-type glycosidic linkage. Compared with vitamin C (vit C), it was found that BGP-60, BGP-65, BGP-70 and BGP-80 had strong potential antioxidant activities; BGP-60 exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than BGP-65, BGP-70 or BGP-80 against DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, while BGP-65 had the highest antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical.Conclusion: These results suggest that BGPs may be beneficial in the development and manufacture as potential therapeutic agents and functional foods.Keywords: Black ginseng, Polysaccharides, Purification, Antioxidant activity, Functional foods
Highlights
The dried roots and rhizome of Panax ginseng were important components of a famous traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years
The DPPH scavenging capacities of black ginseng polysaccharides (BGPs)-60, BGP-65, BGP-70 and BGP-80 were determined by the method of Yang et al [19]. 1 mL each of different concentrations of polysaccharide solution was incubated with 0.1 mM ethanolic solution of DPPH (2mL) at 25 oC for 20 min, and the absorbance was read at 517 nm
Black ginseng polysaccharide was obtained in an overall yield of 17.63 % through water extraction, ethanol precipitation, filtration through 0.22 μm molecular membrane, and lyophilization
Summary
The dried roots and rhizome of Panax ginseng were important components of a famous traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. There are no uniform quality standards for black ginseng polysaccharides. These carbohydrates promote thymus and spleen indices, and they have immunity-enhancing potential [6]. Using pure water as mobile phase, each sample was analyzed at flow rate, column temperature and injection volume values of 0.6 mL/min, 40 oC, and 20 μL, respectively, and the MWs were extrapolated from dextran-T standard calibration curves prepared under the same operating conditions. The solution was placed in a rotary evaporator and 2 mL of methanol was added until it was dried up This was done two times, and the resultant residue was taken up in water (double-distilled) and subjected to borohydride reduction for 8 h. The samples (BGP-60, BGP-65, BGP-70 and BGP-80) were ground with KBr powder and pelleted prior to use for FTIR analysis (frequency range: 4000 – 400 cm-1) in a Perkin Elmer Fourier transform IR spectrophotometer [18]
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