Abstract
Three kinds of polysaccharides, namely, BSP1A, BSP2A, and BSP3B, were isolated from raw bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) after purification and classification by DEAE cellulose-52 (ion-exchange chromatography) and Sephadex G-50. The molecular weights of BSP1A, BSP2A, and BSP3B were 10.2, 17.0 and 20.0 kDa, respectively, which were measured through GPC (gel performance chromtatography) methods. BSP1A contained arabinose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:40.6:8.7. BSP2A and BSP3B contained arabinose, xylose, glucose, and galactose in molar ratios of 6.6:1.0:5.2:10.4 and 8.5:1.0:5.1:11.1, respectively. The existence of the O-glycopeptide bond in BSP1A, BSP2A, and BSP3B was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. FTIR spectra of the three polysaccharides showed that both BSP2A and BSP3B contained β-d-pyranose sugar rings. However, BSP1A exhibited both β-d-pyranose and α-d-pyranose sugar rings. Congo red test indicated that BSP1A and BSP2A displayed triple helix structures, but BSP3B did not. NMR spectroscopy revealed that BSP1A may exhibit a β-1,6-Glucan pyran type as the main link, and few 1,6-glycosidic galactose pyranose and arabinose bonds were connected; BSP2A mainly demonstrated →5)β-Ara(1→and→3)β-Gal(1→connection. Furthermore, BSP3B mainly presented →3)β-Glu(1→and→3)β-Gal(1→connection and may also contain few other glycosidic bonds.
Highlights
Bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), which belongs to the giant grass of subfamily (Poaceae) of Bambusoideae plants, is rich in fiber and nutrients but low in fat and is widely distributed in China, Japan, and other southeast Asian countries [1,2]
Showed an absorption peak at 844.10 cm−1, implying that BSP1A exhibited α-configurations. Both BSP2A and BSP3B displayed β-D-pyran-type sugar rings, and the polysaccharide molecules may be connected to the β-type glycosidic bond; BSP1A showed both β-D-pyran-type and α-D-pyran-type sugar rings [14]
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of 1H and 13C is an efficient method to analyze the structural features of bamboo shoot polysaccharides
Summary
Bamboo shoot (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), which belongs to the giant grass of subfamily (Poaceae) of Bambusoideae plants, is rich in fiber and nutrients but low in fat and is widely distributed in China, Japan, and other southeast Asian countries [1,2]. Bamboo shoot crude polysaccharides (BSCPs) extracted from the shoots of Gigantochloa levis yielded about 3.27% ± 0.18% on a dry basis and a very minute percentage of protein (0.02% ± 0.01%). These results indicated the potential to develop BSCPs as promising prebiotics [8]. Suzuki et al reported that bamboo shoot hemicellulose polysaccharides extracted by alkaline hydrolysis act as anti-mouse tumor and anti-sarcoma 180 agents [9]. To explore their biological activities the purification and preliminary identification of the structure of bamboo shoot polysaccharides are of significant research interest
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