Abstract
Previous studies identified that extracts of Talinum triangulare rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids showed antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the L9 orthogonal array was used to determine the optimal extraction conditions for water-extracted polysaccharides of T. triangulare (TTP) by hot reflux extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) methods. Results showed that while both extraction methods obtained a maximum polysaccharide yield of 3.1%, the optimal conditions for obtaining TTP was by UAE method. TTP was separated into large (LTTP) and small (STTP) molecular weights by dialysis. Since LTTP showed better effects than STTP in inducing macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) and indirectly inhibiting human cervical cancer HeLa cells, six different LTTP fractions were separated using anion-exchange chromatography. Contents of polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and proteins and molecular weights of major polysaccharide in each fraction were analyzed. The F1 fraction of LTTP, which showed the highest inducing ability of mouse RAW264.7 macrophages to secrete NO and tumor necrosis factor-α, showed the most significant indirect inhibitory effect of human colon cancer SW620 cells. These results suggest that LTTP, especially the F1 fraction, of T. triangulare may be used in health foods or Chinese medicine for its immunomodulatory potential.
Highlights
Several herbal preparations are used to enhance the body’s immune status
No significant difference in polysaccharide yields was observed for the material to water ratio 1/30
According to the R value (R = 0.900 > 0.433 > 0.133), temperature had the greatest influence on the polysaccharide yield of T. triangulare polysaccharides (TTP)
Summary
Many plant constituents, including saponins, glycosides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and sterolins, have the ability to modulate the immune system [1]. Polysaccharides extracted from plants and fungi have recently drawn more attention from researchers and consumers due to their antitumor activities and relatively low toxicity [2,3]. It has been found that T. triangulare polysaccharides (TTP) possess significant antioxidant [7,8,9,10,11,12], hepatoprotective [12], anti-hypercholesterolemic [13], anti-diabetic [14,15], and anti-tumor activities [7,8,16]. We previously investigated the antioxidant activities of various T. triangulare extracts, whereby the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activities due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids. All conditioned media obtained from human mononuclear cells cultured with various T. triangulare extracts showed significant inhibition (more than 40%) of U937 cell growth, indicating immunomodulatory potential [7]
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