Purification and characterization of amidase from Paracoccus sp. SKG: Utilization of amidase-inhibited whole cells for bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide

Abstract

Abstract A bacterial strain, Paracoccus sp. SKG, capable of utilizing aliphatic nitriles as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated. Degradation of nitriles follows a bi-enzymatic pathway with the successive action of nitrile hydratase (NHase) and amidase. The inducible enzyme, amidase from cell-free extract of Paracoccus sp. SKG, was purified and characterized. The amidase was purified to 43.7 fold with a recovery of 46.5% yield and an estimated molecular mass of 90 kDa. The purified amidase exhibits the highest activity at pH 7.5 and temperature of 50 °C. This enzyme is highly specific to aliphatic amides with the highest activity to acetamide, propionamide and acrylamide, but not to aromatic amides. Among the metal ions studied, Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ and Ni 2+ ions increase the enzyme activity, whereas Cu 2+ completely inhibits it. In vitro inhibition of amidase was confirmed by preincubation of the whole cells with Cu 2+ . The use of whole cells of Paracoccus sp. SKG was demonstrated as a biocatalyst for the bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in a batch reaction. The bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide resulted in 27 g/L of acrylamide with 65% of conversion under optimal conditions of pH (7.5) and temperature (30 °C).