Abstract
There have been various studies on the effects of emotional visual processing on subsequent non-emotional auditory stimuli. A previous study with EEG has shown that responses to deviant sounds presented after presenting negative pictures collected more attentional resources than those for neutral pictures. To investigate such a compelling between emotional and cognitive processing, this study aimed to examined pupillary responses to an auditory stimulus after a positive, negative, or neutral emotional state was elicited by an emotional image. An emotional image was followed by a beep sound that was either repetitive or unexpected, and the pupillary dilation was measured. As a result, we found that the early component of the pupillary response to the beep sound was larger for negative and positive emotional states than the neutral emotional state, whereas the late component was larger for the positive emotional state than the negative and neutral emotional states. In addition, the peak latency of the pupillary response was earlier for negative than neutral or positive images. Further, to compensate for the disadvantage of low-temporal resolution of the pupillary data, the pupillary responses were deconvoluted and used in the analysis. The deconvolution analysis of pupillary responses confirmed that the responses to beep sound were more likely to be modulated by the emotional state rather than being influenced by the short presentation interval between the images and sounds. These findings suggested that pupil size index modulations in the compelling situation between emotional and cognitive processing.
Highlights
85 Standard induced by the pictures[8]
We examined the pupillary responses to auditory stimuli in an oddball paradigm, with the auditory probe presented after images that arouse positive, negative, or neutral emotions to investigate the response to sound probe stimuli of different presentation frequencies during the emotional state
We found that the early component of the pupillary response was modulated by emotional arousal, while the peak latency of Pupillary Dilation Response (PDR) was shorter in the negative state than in the other emotional states
Summary
The oddball tones shared the increased attentional resources activated by the negative images, and late processing negativities were enhanced by automatic a ttention[9]. This previous study focused only on the negative state, and the response to subsequent tone stimuli of different presentation frequencies in the positive state has not yet been clarified. We used pupillary response as a physiological index that reflects emotional and attentional states to subsequent tone stimuli. This study investigated the response to tone stimuli with different presentation frequencies (standard and oddball) after the presentation of emotionally arousing pictures using pupillometry. As the interval between the presentation of the emotional picture and beep sound was short (600 ms), we separated the responses to the two stimuli using high-resolution deconvolution analysis by Wierda et al.[24]
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