Abstract
AbstractThus far this book has outlined a theory of criminalising hate that has centred on the aims of social justice while maintaining protections to individual liberty. It has said little in relation to the types of sanctions that ought to be imposed where there is a breach of the types of laws outlined in Chap. 5. Almost all hate crime laws that have been enacted globally have as their main purpose the enhancement of penalties. In fact, as outlined in Chap. 5, the internationalisation of hate crime laws has seen the emergence of supranational instruments that require its signatories to punish hate crime offenders more severely.
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