Punch Drunk: Repetitive Concussions in an Adolescent Student-Athlete

Abstract

Prompt recognition of concussion has become a public health initiative as the sequelae of traumatic brain injury have been elucidated. Though the impetus for this was borne out of the injuries, morbidity, and even mortality seen in professional athletes, the implications for younger athletes in sports have, understandably, taken center stage. Despite efforts to address the needs of all athletes and prevent brain injury, recent data show that the incidence of concussion is rising. Further, it is clear that what were once regarded as long-term complications of concussions can now be seen early, in children and adolescents. Education of patients, families, and coaches is central to comprehensive treatment of concussion. This case demonstrates how easily injury, symptoms, and signs can be missed and illuminates the neuropsychiatric ramifications of delayed recognition and treatment of repetitive concussions.