Abstract
ObjectiveThe current Australian Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults engage in regular muscle-strengthening activity (e.g. strength or resistance training). However, public health surveillance studies describing the patterns and trends of population-level muscle-strengthening activity participation are sparse. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of muscle-strengthening activity participation in a national-representative sample of Australians aged 15 years and over.MethodsBetween 2001 and 2010, quarterly cross-sectional national telephone surveys were conducted as part of the Australian Sports Commission's 'Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey'. Pooled population-weighted proportions were calculated for reporting: [i] no muscle-strengthening activity; [ii] insufficient muscle-strengthening activity, and [iii] sufficient muscle-strengthening activity. Associations with sociodemographic variables were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsOut of 195,926 participants, aged 15–98 years, only 10.4% (95% CI: 10.1–10.7) and 9.3% (95% CI: 9.1–9.5) met the muscle-strengthening activity recommendations in the past two weeks and in the past year, respectively. Older adults (50+ years), and those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged, outer regional/remote areas and with lower education were less likely to report sufficient muscle-strengthening activity (p<0.001). Over the 10-year monitoring period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of sufficient muscle-strengthening activity (6.4% to 12.0%, p-value for linear trend <0.001).ConclusionsA vast majority of Australian adults did not engage in sufficient muscle-strengthening activity. There is a need for public health strategies to support participation in muscle-strengthening activity in this population. Such strategies should target older and lower educated adults, and those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged, outer regional/remote and areas.
Highlights
The prevention of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, breast and colon cancer is a leading Australian [1], and global public health challenge [2]
A vast majority of Australian adults did not engage in sufficient muscle-strengthening activity
There is a need for public health strategies to support participation in muscle-strengthening activity in this population
Summary
The prevention of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, breast and colon cancer is a leading Australian [1], and global public health challenge [2]. Insufficient physical activity is among the leading and potentially preventable causes of chronic disease [3]. The Australian Department of Health and the World Health Organization recommend that adults should participate in [i] 150 minutes/week of moderate-tovigorous-intensity aerobic activity (e.g. brisk walking or jogging) and, [ii] muscle-strengthening activities involving major muscle groups on two or more days per week [3, 4]. Exercise trials and epidemiological studies have shown that muscle-strengthening activities are associated with multiple favourable health outcomes, including improved metabolic [7,8,9], musculoskeletal, functional and mental health-related outcomes [10], improved blood lipid profile [11], and reduced blood pressure [12]
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