Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to present a novel concept for the optimum exploitation of volatile electricity from renewable energy sources. The idea of the Carnot battery is extended to a general concept for trigeneration which can be called “power to XYZ”. This idea is applied for the building sector where there are needs for cooling production, space-heating production/domestic hot water production and electricity. More specifically, volatile electricity feeds a multi-stage heat pump that produces cold storage at 0 °C for cooling, medium heating storage at 50 °C for space heating and high thermal storage at around 115 °C for future utilization in an organic Rankine cycle for electricity production. The storage is performed in three different temperature levels, with latent storage proposed for proper long-term and efficient storage. The use of ice is suggested especially for cold storage in order to make the design a cost-effective one. This work is a theoretical preliminary thermodynamic analysis performed with a model created in Engineering Equation Solver. The results indicate the system’s maximum exergy efficiency is found at 45.28%, while the respective energy efficiency is found at 322.16%. Moreover, this work includes parametric studies and calculations about the operating margins of the suggested system.
Highlights
The storage is performed in three different temperature levels, with latent storage proposed for proper long-term and efficient storage
The increasing exploitation of renewable energy sources [1] creates the need for the development of new and efficient storage systems in order to properly store volatile electricity [2]
Lowtemperature storage is suitable for cooling, medium for space heating/domestic hot water and high-temperature storage will feed an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for electricity recovery
Summary
The increasing exploitation of renewable energy sources [1] creates the need for the development of new and efficient storage systems in order to properly store volatile electricity [2]. There is a lack of research about trying to convert grid electricity into more intermediate products In this direction, the present work suggests for the first time a new concept that combines the Carnot battery idea and trigeneration. The concept of “Power to XYZ” is born with the present work in a trial for the optimal utilization of the electricity grid which is stored in various forms of energy At this point, it is important to state that the trigeneration systems, especially when they are driven by renewables, are viable choices for future sustainable development [19]. Lowtemperature storage is suitable for cooling, medium for space heating/domestic hot water and high-temperature storage will feed an ORC for electricity recovery This is the trigeneration format of the system, while it can be a cogeneration unit in winter by stopping the operation of the lower stage. The analysis is performed by developing a model using the software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) [20]
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