Abstract
This essay argues that Hemingway read Horace's Odes and incorporated that reading into The Sun Also Rises. The inclusion of Horace's Odes among Hemingway's influences explains a number of phenomena not found in the novel's explicit source—Ecclesiastes. Both Horace and Hemingway, for example, employ a sexually impaired narrator and praise rural over urban living— Ecclesiastes claims neither of these features. Further, all three texts demonstrate a conviction that life is passing and that it is important to "seize the day."
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