Abstract
An examination is made of processes occurring in the active media of lasers utilizing organic compounds, metal vapors, and dense gases. The laws are established which govern the relationships between the laser radiation characteristics and the parameters of the exciting electromagnetic field. The particular features of the conversion of high-power radiation of exciplex lasers by organic compounds are studied. Original active-element designs are created. The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the physics of lasers utilizing self-terminating transitions in metal vapors are presented. Questions are considered which are related to the possibility of raising their physical efficiency, increasing the laser pulse-repetition frequency and the practical lasing efficiency, and of controlling the energy characteristics of a copper vapor laser. A description is given of the kinetics of the most important plasma-chemical processes which occur in pulsed lasers utilizing dense gases. Their dependence on the method of creating the population inversion and on the gas composition is indicated. A detailed description is given of lasers prototypes constructed using organic compounds, metal vapors, and dense gases, of laser systems based on them, and of applications in ecological monitoring systems, navigational systems, medicine, and other fields.
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