Abstract
In wide voltage range applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) onboard charging, conventional frequency modulated LLC topology has its intrinsic limitations. Its frequency span is extremely wide and the soft switching feature might get lost. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LLC resonant converter. The pulse width and frequency hybrid modulation are adopted to narrow down its switching frequency span. The operating principles, circuit modeling, and the design methodology are presented. A 1 kW rated prototype has been built to realize an efficient power flow between the 400 V DC bus and 200–440 V battery pack. The designed prototype validates the effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation method. 96.8% peak efficiency is measured for the constructed experimental prototype.
Highlights
Hybrid, plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles (HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs) have gained popularity as promising automotive products due to numerous advantages, such as increased vehicle performance and fuel economy
The transformer turns ratio is 2:1 provided that nominal battery voltage is 400 Vdc, and the converter can operate in voltage doubler configuration
While pulsemodulation frequency modulation (PFM) is used to meet the output voltage requirement of 400–440 V provided that rectifier is in voltage doubler mode
Summary
Hybrid, plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles (HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs) have gained popularity as promising automotive products due to numerous advantages, such as increased vehicle performance and fuel economy. They help in reducing environmental pollution by controlling the emissions of greenhouse gases [1]. As EVs are gaining popularity, researchers are trying to address the three main issues, including cost of batteries, optimal design of chargers and improved charging infrastructure [3]. EV chargers are typically classified as off-board charges and on-board chargers with or without bidirectional capability. While designing EV on-board chargers, size and weight are major constraints [2]
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