Abstract
High purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detectors are used for nondestructive assay. Liquid nitrogen (LN2), a cryogen, is commonly used to cool these detectors. Cryogen use is associated with several health risks and operational problems. This has prompted the development of cryogen-free refrigeration. A new generation of commercial pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) has been developed during the last decade. A unique feature of the PTR is the absence of cold moving parts. This significantly reduces the generated noise and vibration. In the following report, LN2, a modified Joule–Thompson cooler, and a PTR unit are examined and their cooling effectiveness with HPGe gamma-ray detectors compared. Overall, PTR is an engineering equivalent to LN2 and modified Joule–Thompson cooler systems used in gamma spectroscopy and eliminate the health and physical hazards associated with LN2 systems without adding hazards.
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