Abstract
An analysis of the detailed operation for the tube element is proposed for an orifice pulse tube cryocooler. This is achieved through phasor analysis using basic thermodynamic relations to estimate the approximated cooling power associated with this machine. Moreover, the effect of the phase shift angle is illustrated by forming an analogy between the phase shift mechanism and a series RLC circuit model. Next, a one-dimensional model based on the conservation equations of mass and energy is presented; the reduced model is solved numerically, for the temperature and velocity of the gas along the tube, to determine the mass flow and time-averaged enthalpy flows at the cold and hot ends of the tube. The findings from the one-dimensional analysis are compared with the phasor analysis results and validated by comparison with similar studies in the literature.
Highlights
Many advances have been reported in cryogenics, for cryocoolers, that have led to an expansion of their potential applications, and even to new application areas, such as in superconducting devices [1, 2], IR sensors [3,4,5], compact magnetic resonance magnets [6], and various medical and space applications [7,8,9]
The hot and cold end temperatures were set to 300 K and 70 K, respectively, and the orifice flow conductance Cor is set to 10−8 m3Pa−1s−1
The effect of sinusoidal oscillating gas in the tube element of the orifice-type pulse tube cryocooler (OPTC) was clarified first using phasor analysis associated with an electrical analogy to simplify the principle of phase shift mechanism, and second by numerically solving a one-dimensional model based on mass and energy conservation equations using an unconditionally stable implicit numerical algorithm
Summary
Many advances have been reported in cryogenics, for cryocoolers, that have led to an expansion of their potential applications, and even to new application areas, such as in superconducting devices [1, 2], IR sensors [3,4,5], compact magnetic resonance magnets [6], and various medical and space applications [7,8,9]. Pulse tube coolers (PTCs) are of special interest They are widely used due to their excellent features, including low weight, high efficiency, excellent reliability, compactness, and relatively short response time. Recuperative devices like Joule–Thomson cryocoolers (J–T) feature the major advantages of rapid cooling, the absence of any moving components, and provide the potential to be miniaturized. Their drawbacks, such as the possibility of valve clogging, their intrinsic inefficiency, relatively high charge pressure, and very short cooling duration, make them less favoured or even impossible to be used in many important applications [10]
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