Abstract
Intense ultrafast pulses cause dissociative ionization and shaping the pulses may allow control of both electronic and nuclear dynamics that determine ion yields. We report on a combined experimental and theoretical effort to determine how shaped laser pulses affect tunnel ionization, the process that precedes many strong-field phenomena. We carried out experiments on Ar, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ using a phase-step function of amplitude $\frac{3}{4}\ensuremath{\pi}$ that is scanned across the spectrum of the pulse. In addition, we changed the amount of chirp in the pulses. Semiclassical as well as fully quantum mechanical time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation calculations are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental results. We find that precise knowledge of the field parameters in the time and frequency domains is essential to afford reproducible results and quantitative theory and experiment comparisons.
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