Abstract
Long-range propagation experiments are often conducted in range-dependent environments. The prediction of pulse propagation characteristics in such environments is possible with the parabolic equation (PE) method, using the Tappert—Hardin split-step Fourier algorithm. A program has been developed to compute temporal waveforms from broadband sources as a function of range and depth, using Fourier synthesis to coherently add up the frequency response as obtained from the PE code at each range step. The effects of range-dependent ice roughness are modeled by a modified formula of Marsh and Mellen, using as input the rms ice roughness along the propagation path. The computed waveforms have been tested against field data on SOFAR propagation in the central Arctic Ocean, and excellent agreement has been obtained. Numerical simulations of pulse compression in the Arctic channel using predistorted waveforms to match the dispersion of the channel at specified ranges show in detail the possibility of successfully achieving significant signal gain by pulse compression.
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