Abstract
The design, construction and control of artificial self-organized systems modelled on dynamical behaviours of living systems are important issues in biologically inspired engineering. Such systems are usually based on complex reaction dynamics far from equilibrium; therefore, the control of non-equilibrium conditions is required. Here we report a droplet open-reactor system, based on droplet fusion and fission, that achieves dynamical control over chemical fluxes into/out of the reactor for chemical reactions far from equilibrium. We mathematically reveal that the control mechanism is formulated as pulse-density modulation control of the fusion–fission timing. We produce the droplet open-reactor system using microfluidic technologies and then perform external control and autonomous feedback control over autocatalytic chemical oscillation reactions far from equilibrium. We believe that this system will be valuable for the dynamical control over self-organized phenomena far from equilibrium in chemical and biomedical studies.
Highlights
The design, construction and control of artificial self-organized systems modelled on dynamical behaviours of living systems are important issues in biologically inspired engineering
We show that the droplet open-reactor system is electrically controlled by the pulse-density modulation of fusion–fission timing, which enables precise control over time-variable chemical fluxes, including external control and autonomous feedback control
Self-organized phenomena based on complex chemical reaction dynamics far from equilibrium t
Summary
The design, construction and control of artificial self-organized systems modelled on dynamical behaviours of living systems are important issues in biologically inspired engineering Such systems are usually based on complex reaction dynamics far from equilibrium; the control of non-equilibrium conditions is required. We produce the droplet open-reactor system using microfluidic technologies and perform external control and autonomous feedback control over autocatalytic chemical oscillation reactions far from equilibrium We believe that this system will be valuable for the dynamical control over self-organized phenomena far from equilibrium in chemical and biomedical studies. We show that the droplet open-reactor system is electrically controlled by the pulse-density modulation of fusion–fission timing, which enables precise control over time-variable chemical fluxes, including external control and autonomous feedback control We believe that this system will facilitate innovations in chemical and biomedical studies in terms of the dynamical control of self-organized phenomena far from equilibrium
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