Abstract
The term pulse code modulation (PCM) refers to the use of a specific set of rules for transforming a waveform into a stream of digits, and vice versa. To clarify the concept, however, the first point to be made is that PCM is coding, but it is not necessarily the modulation of the carrier. Modulation usually refers to an alteration of a periodic function (often a radio frequency sine wave) to cause it to convey intelligence. This alteration may be a change in amplitude or frequency or phase of the sine wave. These are the ways in which a carrier can be modulated. The PCM process, in contrast, is a coding technique. The resulting stream of ones and zeros can be used to modulate a carrier in any of the ways mentioned here, or special combinations of them.
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