Abstract
The paper presents a numerical investigation of non-Newtonian modeling effects on unsteady periodic flows in a two-dimensional (2D) pipe with two idealized stenoses of 75% and 50% degrees, respectively. The governing Navier-Stokes equations have been modified using the Cartesian curvilinear coordinates to handle complex geometries. The investigation has been carried out to characterize four different non-Newtonian constitutive equations of blood, namely, the (i) Carreau, (ii) Cross, (iii) Modified Casson, and (iv) Quemada models. The Newtonian model has also been analyzed to study the physics of fluid and the results are compared with the non-Newtonian viscosity models. The numerical results are represented in terms of streamwise velocity, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS) as well as the vorticity, streamlines, and vector plots indicating recirculation zones at the poststenotic region. The results of this study demonstrate a lower risk of thrombogenesis at the downstream of stenoses and inadequate blood supply to different organs of human body in the Newtonian model compared to the non-Newtonian ones.
Highlights
Stenosis is characterized by localized arterial narrowing that is initiated due to deposition of lipid, cholesterol, and some other substances on the endothelium and is of major concern to most of the Western world
The geometry of arteries has a vital control on blood flow pattern and a local luminal constriction like stenosis greatly disturbs the velocity field
Of particular interest are the phenomena of the vortex generation and propagation as well as the distribution of the wall shear stress (WSS)
Summary
Stenosis is characterized by localized arterial narrowing that is initiated due to deposition of lipid, cholesterol, and some other substances on the endothelium and is of major concern to most of the Western world. Atherosclerotic lesions preferentially occur in arteries and arterioles in regions of high curvature or bifurcations and junctions causing major changes in flow structure and large changes in fluid loading on vessel walls [1]. Such plaques or arterial constrictions usually disturb normal blood flow through the artery and there is considerable evidence that hydrodynamic factors can play a significant role in the development and progression of these lesions. A numerical investigation has been conducted for generalized Newtonian blood flows past a couple of irregular arterial stenoses [8]
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