Pulmonary Venous Anomalies: Evaluation by Echocardiography

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of pulmonary veins vary widely in anatomic spectrum. Depending on anatomic spectrum, clinical presentation varies from being asymptomatic with incidental diagnosis to critical presentation in neonatal period. Echocardiography plays a very crucial role in defining these lesions and planning for surgical intervention. Additional imaging modalities such as cardiac catheterization, computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or cardiac catheterization are needed in a very selective group of patients.