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Abstract
IntroductionHere we describe our technique and results of beating heart pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in four patients for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent PTE for CTEPH between January 2019 and September 2020. Patients were followed up with clinical assessment, 2D echocardiography, and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram.ResultsFour patients were operated for CTEPH using our technique. Moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and severe TR were found in two patients each. Severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was found in all cases. Thrombi were classified as Jamieson type II in three cases and type I in one case. Postoperative median direct manometric pulmonary artery (PA) pressures decreased (from 46.5 mmHg to 23.5 mmHg), median CPB time was 126 minutes, and median temperature was 33.35 °C. Mechanical ventilation was for a median of 19.5 hours. There was one re-exploration. Median intensive care unit stay was 7.5 days. There was no mortality. Postoperative 2D echocardiography revealed decrease in median PA systolic pressures (from 85 mmHg to 33 mmHg), improvement in RV function by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (median 14 mm vs. 16 mm), and improved postoperative oxygen saturations (88.5% vs. 99%). In follow-up (ranging between 2-15 months), all patients reported improvement in quality of life and were in New York Heart Association class I.ConclusionWith our described simple modifications, advances in perfusion, and blood conservation technologies, one can avoid the need for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during PTE.
Highlights
We describe our technique and results of beating heart pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in four patients for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Postoperative 2D echocardiography revealed decrease in median pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressures, improvement in right ventricular (RV) function by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and improved postoperative oxygen saturations (88.5% vs. 99%)
With our described simple modifications, advances in perfusion, and blood conservation technologies, one can avoid the need for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during PTE
Summary
We describe our technique and results of beating heart pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in four patients for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is the definitive surgical treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)[1]. In this technique, a bloodless field is essential, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) has been the preferred method to extract the pulmonary thrombus beyond the sublobar levels. In pursuit to control the troublesome back bleeding from the bronchial vessels and collaterals without the use of DHCA, several methods have been described to achieve complete thromboendarterectomy. We describe our technique and modifications needed for PTE on beating heart cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with mild hypothermia on four patients
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