Abstract

In general, the airway and pulmonary receptors can be divided into three groups: 1) slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs); 2) rapidly adapting receptors (RARs); 3) receptors innervated by C-fibers. PSRs and RARs are mechanoreceptors, although RARs are also activated by many biological and chemical substances (3, 16, 17, 29). On the other hand, C-fibers are believed to be chemosensitive endings (2).

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