Abstract
Tumor hypoxia can influence the progression and metastasis of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen may improve the prognosis and reduce complications in HCC patients; however, whether pulmonary function can influence the prognosis of HCC remains unknown. In this study, we found that pulmonary function was associated with clinicopathological features, including smoking, liver cirrhosis, tumor size Edmondson-Steiner grade, total operative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion. Through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, smoking, tumor number, tumor size, liver cirrhosis, total operative blood loss and pulmonary function were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In addition, poor pulmonary function was independently associated with shorter survival and increased HCC recurrence in patients. Notably, we also found that HCC with liver cirrhosis predicted worse prognosis. In summary, our study found pulmonary function could influence HCC progression. Improve pulmonary function may enhance the OS and DFS of patients with HCC.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the ninth in females, with an estimated 782 500 new cancer cases and 745 500 deaths worldwide occurring in 2012
We found that pulmonary function was associated with clinicopathological features, including smoking, liver cirrhosis, tumor size Edmondson-Steiner grade, total operative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion
115 HCC patients, the patients were divided into three groups according to different pulmonary function
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the ninth in females, with an estimated 782 500 new cancer cases and 745 500 deaths worldwide occurring in 2012. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men and the sixth in women [1]. Etiology study shows chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major causes of HCC in Asia and the other factors including hepatitis C virus (HCV). Infection, alcohol abuse, smoking, autoimmune hepatitis, and several metabolic diseases are considered as the minority causes [1].
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