Pullback exponential attractors for the three dimensional non-autonomous Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to study the long-time behavior of solutions for the three dimensional non-autonomous Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping for $ r>4. $ Inspired by the the methods of $ \ell $-trajectories in [27], we will prove the existence of a finite dimensional pullback attractor and a pullback exponential attractor, which gives another way of considering the long-time behavior of the non-autonomous evolutionary equations.