Pull-out test and numerical simulation of beam-to-wall connection: Masonry in earthen mortar and hardwood timber

Abstract

The paper investigates frictional behaviour between hardwood timber and masonry in earthen mortar, Masonry in earthen mortar and hardwood timber are typical construction materials in part of Asian countries. An experiment and numerical analysis were carried out. As the experiment, a pull-out test was performed on specimens composed of a masonry wallet and timber beam. The test was conducted under three levels of a pre-compression load. The numerical analysis was carried out to simulate the test. It focused on the discretisation of frictional behaviour in term of peak and residual friction angles and cohesion. The study helps to understand the contribution of flexible diaphragms in traditional structures.