Abstract
Might, freedom and serfdom. The «casalers » of Gascony in the Middle-Ages. «Casalers », that is, men holding «casals » - an equivalent of the manse, may be seen in Gascony as a peasant elite linked to the feudal system. From the XIIth century on, the fate of its members tends to diverge. In the piedmont, they tend to disappear or to be identified with «serfs questaux». In the upper valleys of the Pyrénées, they remain a free and powerful village elite even after the end of the Middle-Ages.
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