Abstract
AbstractMost evaluations of public works programs in developing countries study their effects on poverty reduction and other labor market outcomes (job creation, earnings, and participation). However, very few look at other collateral effects, such as the incidence of violence. Between 2009 and 2014, El Salvador implemented the Temporary Income Support Program (PATI), which aimed at guaranteeing a temporary minimum level of income to extremely poor urban families for 6 months, as well as providing beneficiaries with experience in social and productive activities at the municipal level. Making use of a panel data set at the municipal level for 2007–2014, with monthly data on different types of crime rates and social program benefits by municipalities, this paper assesses the effects of the program on crime rates in municipalities in El Salvador. There are several possible channels through which the PATI can affect crime. Since the program is associated with cash transfers to beneficiaries, a decrease in economically motivated crimes is expected (income effect). But since the program enforces work requirements and community participation, this could generate a negative impact on crime, because the beneficiaries will have less time to commit crime and because of community deterrence effects. Overall, the paper finds a robust and significant negative impact of the PATI on most types of crimes in the municipalities with the intervention. Moreover, the negative effects of the program on some types of crime rates hold several years after participation. The positive spillover effects for municipalities hold within a radius of 50 km.
Highlights
Public works programs are safety net programs that have two main objectives: first, to provide a source of income to poor and/or unemployed individuals, and second, to construct or rehabilitate public infrastructure (Grosh et al 2008)
We present data on different types of crime provided by the National Police Department, as well as the number of municipalities receiving PATI for the 263 country municipalities
The purpose of this paper was to determine the effects of a public works program, PATI, on crime rates in municipalities in El Salvador
Summary
Public works programs are safety net programs that have two main objectives: first, to provide a source of income to poor and/or unemployed individuals, and second, to construct or rehabilitate public infrastructure (Grosh et al 2008) These programs typically provide short-term employment on labor-intensive projects in exchange of either cash wages or food transfers in exchange for work effort. El Salvador implemented between 2010 and 2015 the Temporary Income Support Program (PATI), which aimed to guarantee a temporary minimum level of income to extremely poor urban families, as well as provide beneficiaries with experience in social and productive activities at the municipal level. The program served 43,000 beneficiaries in targeted extreme poor urban settlements in 43 municipalities, most of them women (75 percent) and youngsters (44 percent)
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