Public policy in the context of digitalization of society. International experience in implementing programs and digitization strategies

Abstract

It is analyzed that the process of digitalization is objective, depends on globalization processes. However, this process, as well as political and market relations in general, is characterized by certain features, defects and failures of the market that require government regulation and intervention. In most countries of the modern world, one of the priority strategic tasks and national priorities is the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the development of elements of the digital society. Digital technologies, as well as related social and human activities form the digital sphere of modern society, which in the current environment determines the economic and innovative potential of the state, education and human development, determines social progress, good governance and democratic procedures. The development of the principles of the digital society stimulates the improvement of ways and methods of interaction in the framework of socio-economic relations. The use of information technology allows to expand communication processes, changes the composition and status of their participants, the principles of spatial interaction through networking, increases the decentralization of management decisions in the public and private sectors. Based on the analysis of modern theoretical models, it is possible to outline the model of digital policy. Elements of the model are the digital field, which influences the use of certain ways of interaction of digital political entities with the digital infrastructure; digital infrastructure - a number of technologies / tools for network integration; user networks - communities of citizens who master and use digital technologies / tools to achieve common goals, self-government; digital policymakers integrating these networks for policy implementation Thus, a new reality has emerged in the world, which encourages governments of all countries to pursue a system of digital economy through digital transformation by improving relevant areas of national legislation, development and implementation of large-scale government strategies, projects and programs, including full digital technology. A comprehensive study of digital politics as a new phenomenon of the political process in the modern world, which arises under the influence of global digitalization. It has been found that the digitalization of politics is a valence, unstable, incomplete process, which can be explained by the very nature of global digitalization, which is constantly self-improving and self-renewing. This also affects the principles of digital policymakers, who are constantly improving their tools through the formation of larger communities. So the balance of power in the digital world depends on the immediate integration of these communities by one or another digital political entity. Digitalization of public policy is described as a constant modification of the digital infrastructure of the political process. Categories have been established for the study of digitalization of politics in order to identify its impact on modern discourse: "digital politics", "digital political actors". Factors influencing the process of digitalization of public policy in foreign countries are identified. A model of digital policy is proposed, which allows to determine the content and principles of transformation of state policy in the digital environment, in particular: 1) the procedure for creating a new type of political actor - digital political entity; 2) creating conditions for the creation of different types of networks for policy implementation within digital policy practices, 3) methods of using digital infrastructure for policy implementation, 4) principles of producing a new type of political content that changes the structure and formats of political texts.