Abstract
The paper on public policies, tourism and innovation gave the opportunity to reflect on traditional concepts of public policies, based on the current scenario permeated by changes caused by innovations in different areas. The effort to relate the different theoretical approaches was based on the analysis of two exemplary cases: Portugal and Spain. Both countries have produced innovative public policies regarding tourism management, be they procedural, organizational, marketing, institutional or reverse innovations. The methodology had a qualitative approach, comprising theoretical review and case study. The analysis of the documents was based on the reference on public policy analysis, with attention to the models of institutional and systemic orientation and the cycle of public policies on the possibilities of innovation for tourism, and the vision of democratic innovation. Knowing the historical process and the institutional context inherent to the cases studied allowed a critical look at the Brazilian panorama, considering the challenges and possibilities of the policies for the sector, based on innovation and all stages of the policy cycle.
Highlights
Technological advances and the speed with which information is disseminated have caused profound impacts on the way tourism services are transacted, i.e., the way products related to the travel sector are produced, disseminated and delivered (MTur, 2020).For Muniz et al (2021) technologies impact the way in which the knowledge of consumers from their tourist experiences can be managed by destination managers (Destination Management Organization) to generate value and competitive differences in services and tourism products
Based on the premise that public policies are important for innovation to occur and vice versa, this article aims to analyze the interfaces between public policies for tourism and innovation analyzing two contemporary cases and global references, the proposal of Portugal with Tourism 4.0 and the proposal of Spain with Smart Tourism Destinations (STD) that followed different constructions, but that have in their strands the reflections presented by Brandão (2014)
It considers individuals and the influence of the environment in the construction of politics and, the transformations over time. The individuals, their habits and routines (Veblen, 1919); the expansion of individual preferences in collective action (Commons, 1931) Public policy, in this context, would be an action influenced by the environment and the conventions that legitimize the process before individuals and organizations in that context
Summary
Technological advances and the speed with which information is disseminated have caused profound impacts on the way tourism services are transacted, i.e., the way products related to the travel sector are produced, disseminated and delivered (MTur, 2020). For Muniz et al (2021) technologies impact the way in which the knowledge of consumers from their tourist experiences can be managed by destination managers (Destination Management Organization) to generate value and competitive differences in services and tourism products. It is noticed that technological advancement produces effects on the vision of tourism public policy as economic aspects, participatory (civil society), social development and digital inclusion. The relations between the actors of a system occur based on three models of governance: market, hierarchy (firm) and mixed (Williamson, 1996; Gomes; Santos, 2008). As far as the public management of tourism in Brazil is concerned, it can be observed that since the nineties of the last century there has been the implementation of guidelines aimed at fostering mixed governance structures, first at the municipal level (MTur, 1998) and at the regional level (MTur, 2004)
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