Abstract
Public participation is significant for the success of any urban planning project. However, most members of the general public are not planning professionals and may not understand the technical details of a 2D paper-based plan, which might hamper their participation. One way to expand the participation of citizens is to present plans in well-designed, user-friendly and interactive platforms that allow participation regardless of the technical skills of the participants. This paper investigates the impacts of the combined use of 3D visualization and e-participation on public participation in Kisumu, Kenya. A 3D city model, created with CityEngine2016, was exported into a web-based geoportal and used as a Planning Support System in two stakeholder workshops in order to evaluate its usability. In order to assess the workshops 300 questionnaires were given out to planning practitioners and interview were done with key informants. Five indicators were developed for evaluating the usability of the 3D model while the usability of e-participation was evaluated using communication, collaboration and learning as indicators. Results showed that effectiveness and efficiency varied within different professional groups while the questionnaires showed strong preference for e-participation methods, especially Short Message Servicess/Unstructured Supplementary Service Data and emails. The study concludes that the use of 3D visualization and e-participation has the potential to improve the quality and quantity of public participation and recommends further research on the subject.
Highlights
Public participation is the process by which an organization, institution or individual consults with interested or affected individuals, civil society organizations, citizen groups and/or government agencies with the aim of making widely acceptable and sustainable decisions regarding a societal issue or problem
This is informed by the notion that the traditional top-down approach of urban planning is unable to cope with the growing complexity of sustainable urban management [6]
This study aims to explore how the combined use of 3D visualization and e-participation can help in improving public participation in Kenya
Summary
Public participation is the process by which an organization, institution or individual consults with interested or affected individuals, civil society organizations, citizen groups and/or government agencies with the aim of making widely acceptable and sustainable decisions regarding a societal issue or problem. This is based on the belief that those who will be directly or indirectly affected by a decision should have a right to be involved in the process of making such decisions. The goal of making planning decisions widely acceptable and sustainable is not reached, explaining the need for innovative ways of enhancing public participation
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