Abstract
Shirk, J. L., H. L. Ballard, C. C. Wilderman, T. Phillips, A. Wiggins, R. Jordan, E. McCallie, M. Minarchek, B. V. Lewenstein, M. E. Krasny, and R. Bonney. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society 17(2): 29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04705-170229
Highlights
Members of the public are increasingly participating in scientific research and monitoring
We review and integrate recent work in these and other fields, which has converged such that we propose the term public participation in scientific research (PPSR) to discuss initiatives from diverse fields and traditions
We suggest that this framework and models, used in tandem, can support deliberate design of PPSR efforts that will enhance their outcomes for scientific research, individual participants, and social–ecological systems
Summary
Members of the public are increasingly participating in scientific research and monitoring. Our new alignment of models across traditions yields two conclusions, supported by case analyses: (1) the degree to which the public participates in the research process, as well as the quality of that participation, are closely related to the range and types of outcomes achieved; and (2) a common framework can inform project design choices across fields of practice We propose such a framework, based on the quality of participation and the management of interests addressed through a project; present examples to support application of the framework and models across contexts; and explore ways that the framework can be used by project designers in any disciplinary field to deliberately align PPSR project design with specific desired outcomes
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