Public Health Risk Assessment of Fluoroquinolones, Gentamicin and Tetracycline Residues in Bovine Milk of Peri-urban Area of Surat and Navsari of South Gujarat, India

Abstract

Background: The occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk constitutes a potential risk to the health of consumers. In the veterinary sector, various forms of antibiotics are now being used worldwide for promoting livestock growth and treatment. Fluroquinolones, Gentamicin and Tetracycline are commonly used in disease prevention and disease control. The current issues of food safety and used antimicrobial agent’s residues in food products of animal origin are a serious public health issue and health risk globally. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during Nov 2018 to Jan 2019, different localities peri-urban area of Surat and Navsari of Gujarat were surveyed. A total of 120 milk samples comprised of (n=20) cattle (pooled), (n=20) buffalo (pooled) and (n=20) mix milk (pooled) of cattle and buffaloes and samples from unhealthy individual milking animal provided treatment with each antibiotics was collected after completion of recommended withdrawal period (n=20) Fluoroquinolones, (n=20) Gentamicin and (n=20) Tetracycline from various non-organized dairy farms. In the laboratory, the collected samples were evaluated for residues in bovine raw milk by c-ELISA. Result: The investigations in the Surat and Navsari evaluated 3 antibiotics residues in bovine raw milk. Among the 3 antibiotics are deemed dangerous level risks for human health. The detectable level was higher than of recommended antibiotic residue levels (MRLs) were observed as per European Union and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The present work will be a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the stringent control measurements to guarantee that the milk is safe for public to drink.