Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan with serious obstetric impact in animals and women. The work aimed to relate public health significance of toxoplasmosis among some animals and women in Menoufia Governorate. A total 50 blood samples were collected from 50 adult sheep (30 from Kafr Tanbidi and 20 from Shebein El-Kom) and a total of 31 cattle milk samples were collected from different localities in Shebein El-Kom. Sheep sera were examined by ELISA IgG and recorded seropositivity of 60% (30/50) with 66.67% (20/30) were positive in Kafr Tanbidi and 50% (10/20) in Shebein El-Kom. PCR on sheep blood recorded 22% (11/50), of them 20% (6/30) were positive in Kafr Tanbidi and 25% (5/20) in Shebein El-Kom while PCR on cattle milk revealed 19.35% (6/31) positive for Toxoplasma DNA. On the other hand, Toxoplasma seroprevalence among 250 women was 54.4% (136/250) by ELISA IgG and 8.4% (21/250) by ELISA IgM. There was a significant association between IgG seroprevalence and age, increased gravidity, abortion, climate, cat contact, consumption of raw cow milk, undercooked meat and contaminated water from wells and between IgM seroprevalence and age, abortion and climatic conditions prevailed during sampling.
Highlights
Toxoplasmosis is one of the global major anthropozoonotic parasitic diseases infecting humans directly from animals (Torgerson and Macpherson, 2011)
The diagnosis of the disease in animals and human is investigated by direct methods as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) since a single T. gondii parasite could be directly detected by PCR using the 35- fold repetitive B1 gene as a target for amplification (Wahab et al, 2010) and indirect methods as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is simple and rapid test that testing serum antibodies for large number of samples with the chosen anti-species conjugate (Naot and Remington, 2008)
Specimen collection: A total of 50 adult sheep of Baladi breed from 2 different localities in Menoufia Governorate (30 samples were collected from a sheep flock reared in Kafr Tanbidi while the other 20 samples were collected from a sheep flock in Shebein El Kom) in the period from June 2014 to April 2015. 50 sheep serum samples were examined by ELISA IgG as well as 50 sheep whole blood samples were examined by PCR technique for detecting Toxoplasma DNA
Summary
Toxoplasmosis is one of the global major anthropozoonotic parasitic diseases infecting humans directly from animals (Torgerson and Macpherson, 2011). The disease may be ranged from asymptomatic infection as in cattle, horses and poultry species that are immunologically resistant (Jones and Dubey, 2012) to the serious disease which can be expressed as storms of abortions and prenatal deaths as in sheep (Dubey, 2008). The diagnosis of the disease in animals and human is investigated by direct methods as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) since a single T. gondii parasite could be directly detected by PCR using the 35- fold repetitive B1 gene as a target for amplification (Wahab et al, 2010) and indirect methods as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is simple and rapid test that testing serum antibodies for large number of samples with the chosen anti-species conjugate (Naot and Remington, 2008).
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