Abstract
The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the largest and fastest growing post-Soviet economies in Central Asia. Despite recent improvements in health care in response to Kazakhstan 2030 and other state-mandated policy reforms, Kazakhstan still lags behind other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States of the European Region on key indicators of health and economic development. Although cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality among adults, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and blood-borne infectious diseases are of increasing public health concern. Recent data suggest that while Kazakhstan has improved on some measures of population health status, many environmental and public health challenges remain. These include the need to improve public health infrastructure, address the social determinants of health, and implement better health impact assessments to inform health policies and public health practice. In addition, more than three decades after the Declaration of Alma-Ata, which was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care convened in Kazakhstan in 1978, facilitating population-wide lifestyle and behavioral change to reduce risk factors for chronic and communicable diseases, as well as injuries, remains a high priority for emerging health care reforms and the new public health. This paper reviews the current public health challenges in Kazakhstan and describes five priorities for building public health capacity that are now being developed and undertaken at the Kazakhstan School of Public Health to strengthen population health in the country and the Central Asian Region.
Highlights
The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the former Soviet republics that are part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
We present five priorities for public health capacity building that are being developed at the Kazakhstan School of Public Health to strengthen population health in the country and the Central Asian Region
Health promotion is the cutting edge of this new public health strategy and its theoretical approach and methods are grounded in an ecologic model of health that takes into account cultural, economic, and social determinants and makes a commitment to equity, civil society, and social justice
Summary
The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the former Soviet republics that are part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Primary health care providers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and several international agencies, including USAID, the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Bank, and WHO, provide a range of consultative, programmatic, and other public health services that support domestic public health efforts in Kazakhstan and throughout the region.[16]. Against this backdrop and despite negative trends in many lifestyle indicators and the apparent lack of resources for public health, much has been achieved in the last decade to provide a foundation for the improvement of population health going forward. As the only well recognized school of public health in the Central Asian Region, KSPH is pursuing the development of public health capacity in five key priority areas that are critical to advancing public health knowledge and practice in Kazakhstan and the region
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