Public Enemy or National Hero? The Spanish Gypsy and the Rise of Flamenquismo, 1898–1922

Abstract

The vindication of the Gypsy as a hero in some works by Manuel Falla and Federico García Lorca and through the cante jondo competition of 1922 is well known to scholars. What is perhaps less known is that Falla and Lorca reacted against a long tradition of abusing Gypsies in the media, that peaked during the Restoration. This article analyses the cultural production that prompted Falla and Lorca to write in defence of the Gypsy, and pays particular attention to the work of Rafael Salillas, Eugenio Noel, and journalists writing in reaction to the rise of flamenquismo from the 1880s on.