Public attitudes of offshore wind energy in Japan: An empirical study using choice experiments

Abstract

This study investigates the conflicts between decarbonization by renewable energy use and local environmental preservation. It also proposes the policy implication for the introduction of offshore wind turbines in Japan. In 2020, the Japanese government declared its goal to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Subsequently, the interest in renewable energy, such as offshore wind power, has been growing. However, coastal communities have concerns about the negative impact of offshore wind turbines on the landscapes, health, and the environment, and often oppose the construction of offshore wind turbines. In Europe—an advanced region of offshore wind power—there are many studies on its social acceptance; however, Japan records few cases of acceptance. This study conducted a nationwide online survey and a choice experiment for Japanese respondents. It found that offshore wind turbines are positively evaluated in terms of climate change mitigation, but negatively in terms of their impact on the landscape. Heterogeneity was also observed in people's preferences.