Pubescenosides E–K, Seven New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Roots of Ilex pubescens and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Xiaoxu Qiao,Peng Wu,Yunda Yao,Mengying Ji,Leilei Ma,Zhongqiu Liu,Hua Zhou,Guochao Liao,Jinjun Wu

doi:10.3390/molecules23061426

Abstract

Seven new triterpenoid saponins (1–7), together with three known ones (8–10), were isolated from Ilex pubescens. Elucidation of their structures was performed based on high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), infrared spectra (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolates toward lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was investigated. The results demonstrated that compounds 3, 5, and 6 inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in comparison with LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells.

Highlights

Ilex pubescens, belonging to the plant family Aquifoliaceae, is widely distributed throughout the south of China
Pubescenoside E (1) (Figure 1) was isolated as a white amorphous powder, and the molecular formula was deduced to be C47 H74 O17 based on the quasi-molecular ion peak [M + COOH]− at m/z
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, we identified the structure of compound

Summary

Introduction

Ilex pubescens, belonging to the plant family Aquifoliaceae, is widely distributed throughout the south of China. The primary components that have been reported from this plant include triterpenoids [4], phenolic glycosides [5], lignan glycosides [6], hemiterpene glycosides [7], and flavonoids [8]. All of the components described above play an important role related to several bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory [9,10,11,12], anticoagulant [13], and antithrombotic activities [14]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages are widely used to study inflammatory responses in vitro [15]. Macrophages are versatile cells that play many roles, and can be activated by external stimuli, such as LPS, to release excessive amounts of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2

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Results

Conclusion