Abstract
Psychosocial acceleration theory suggests that pubertal maturation is accelerated in response to adversity. In addition, suboptimal caregiving accelerates development of the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit. These findings may be related. Here, we assess whether associations between family environment and measures of the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit are mediated by pubertal development in more than 2000 9- and 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (http://dx.doi.org/10.15154/1412097). Using structural equation modeling, demographic, child-reported, and parent-reported data on family dynamics were compiled into a higher level family environment latent variable. Magnetic resonance imaging preprocessing and compilations were performed by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study's data analysis core. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) thickness, area, white matter fractional anisotropy, amygdala volume, and cingulo-opercular network-amygdala resting-state functional connectivity were assessed. For ACC cortical thickness and ACC fractional anisotropy, significant indirect effects indicated that a stressful family environment relates to more advanced pubertal stage and more mature brain structure. For cingulo-opercular network-amygdala functional connectivity, results indicated a trend in the expected direction. For ACC area, evidence for quadratic mediation by pubertal stage was found. Sex-stratified analyses suggest stronger results for girls. Despite small effect sizes, structural measures of circuits important for emotional behavior are associated with family environment and show initial evidence of accelerated pubertal development.
Highlights
Cite this article: Thijssen S, Collins PF, Luciana M (2020)
Several studies have shown that parental warmth is associated with delayed puberty in girls, and that family conflict or parental psychopathology is associated with the earlier initiation of puberty (e.g., Ellis & Garber, 2000; Jorm et al, 2004; Moffitt et al, 1992)
The present study examined whether associations between the quality of a child’s family environment and measures of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit’s structure and function were mediated by pubertal development
Summary
Cite this article: Thijssen S, Collins PF, Luciana M (2020). Pubertal development mediates the association between family environment and brain structure and function in childhood. Previously institutionalized youth have been shown to demonstrate negative connectivity earlier in development and without presentation of parental stimuli, suggesting accelerated development in response to extreme early life adversity (Gee, Gabard-Durnam, et al, 2013). Following up on this finding, Thijssen et al (2017) showed that, in typically developing 6- to 10-year-old children, amygdala–mPFC connectivity at rest increased with age in children with less sensitive parents, but it did not in children with more sensitive parents. The literature is inconsistent, which could be due to methodological distinctions across studies
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