Abstract
Aiming at requirements of performance and usage in the monitoring of tunnels with the long and linear structure, this work demonstrates a low-energy and quality of service- (QoS-) supported uneven clustering routing algorithm based on the labor cost called PUAR. PUAR realizes uneven clusters by a designed cluster radius related to the distance and the labor cost, with consideration of the residual energy and spatial layout of sensor nodes in the cluster head selection. With QoS support, PUAR uses the quality of link to reduce the packet loss and shortens the total transmitting distance to reduce the average delivery delay in multihop transmission. For the usage requirements of tunnel monitoring, PUAR utilizes the labor cost of replacing batteries to realize local or global energy balance. According to the analysis and simulation results, PUAR is found to achieve low-power consumption and reliable QoS support, and it can also reduce the operating cost of tunnel monitoring.
Highlights
Over the past years, as with rapid development of the low-power sensor node (SN) and wireless network such as ZigBee, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications, such as environment monitoring [1], health care, military warfare, traffic control, and structural health monitoring [2]
performance and usage aware routing (PUAR) presented focuses on the performance and usage requirements for the monitoring of tunnels with the long and linear structure
Using analysis and simulation techniques, it has been proved that PUAR can achieve lowenergy consumption and reliable QoS support and can decrease the cost of maintaining the tunnel monitoring system
Summary
As with rapid development of the low-power sensor node (SN) and wireless network such as ZigBee, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used in a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications, such as environment monitoring [1], health care, military warfare, traffic control, and structural health monitoring [2]. This work allows the SNs which need consuming more energy to die early, but it is based on the labor cost of replacing batteries, which meant global energy balance and local energy balance is considered in the routing algorithm presented in this work To address these critical issues, this paper presents a performance and usage aware routing (PUAR) algorithm of which the contributions are made up of two aspects, for the scenario with the long and linear structure, in particular. Different from the previous routing algorithms based on the performance requirements only, PUAR is sensitive to the usage requirement of tunnel monitoring, which is the labor cost of replacing batteries According to this labor cost, PUAR realizes local or global energy balance instead of single global energy balance to improve the energy efficiency.
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